our website targeting several languages , countries. make choice use subdomain manage our urls. want avoid create duplicate content , canonical issues.the content www. , en. identical plan adapt content en. (in order target uk).
for main domain, google understanding:
<link href="https://www.example.com/" hreflang="en" rel="canonical" data-trid="15"> <link href="https://example.com/" hreflang="x-default" rel="alternate" data-trid="16"> <link href="https://example.com/" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" data-trid="17"> <link href="https://en.example.com/" hreflang="en-gb" rel="alternate" data-trid="18"> <link href="https://fr.example.com/" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" data-trid="19"> <link href="https://de.example.com/" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" data-trid="20"> for english subdomain:
<link href="https://en.example.com/" hreflang="en-gb" rel="canonical"> <link href="https://example.com/" hreflang="x-default" rel="alternate"> <link href="https://example.com/" hreflang="en" rel="alternate"> <link href="https://en.example.com/" hreflang="en-gb" rel="alternate"> <link href="https://fr.example.com/" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate"> <link href="https://de.example.com/" hreflang="de" rel="alternate"> what best practice avoid canonical & duplicate content issues? help!
common mistakes important: make sure provided hreflang value valid. take special care in regard 2 common mistakes:
missing confirmation links: if page links page b, page b must link page a. if not case pages use hreflang annotations, annotations may ignored or not interpreted correctly. incorrect language codes: make sure language codes use identify language (in iso 639-1 format) , optionally region (in iso 3166-1 alpha 2 format) of alternate url. specifying region alone not valid. via / read: https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/189077?hl=en
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